{"id":3876,"date":"2025-07-07T16:02:21","date_gmt":"2025-07-07T08:02:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.key-iot.com\/?p=3876"},"modified":"2025-07-07T16:03:29","modified_gmt":"2025-07-07T08:03:29","slug":"must-gateways-be-configured-at-the-core-a-complete-comparison-of-gateway-deployment-across-different-architectures","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.key-iot.com\/es\/blog\/deben-configurarse-las-pasarelas-en-el-nucleo-una-comparacion-completa-de-la-implantacion-de-pasarelas-en-diferentes-arquitecturas\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfDeben configurarse las pasarelas en el n\u00facleo? Comparaci\u00f3n completa de la implantaci\u00f3n de pasarelas en diferentes arquitecturas"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n
\"9d6964b6cf41fff1da4f77bcc7d23df0\"Si <\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
alguna vez te lo has preguntado:<\/span><\/div>\n
\u00bfPueden los conmutadores de agregaci\u00f3n gestionar interfaces VLANIF? \u00bfSupone una sobrecarga utilizar el n\u00facleo como pasarela? \u00bfEs seguro colocar pasarelas en la capa de acceso?<\/span><\/div>\n
Despu\u00e9s de leer este art\u00edculo, podr\u00e1 determinar d\u00f3nde y c\u00f3mo desplegar correctamente sus puertas de enlace.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n

01 | Primero, aclaremos: \u00bfcu\u00e1l es el prop\u00f3sito de una pasarela?<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
En pocas palabras: A pasarela<\/a><\/strong> sirve como punto de salida de una subred, permiti\u00e9ndole acceder a otros segmentos de la red.<\/span><\/div>\n
T\u00e9cnicamente, se manifiesta como una interfaz VLANIF, una interfaz l\u00f3gica de Capa 3 configurada en un dispositivo para permitir el reenv\u00edo L3.<\/span><\/div>\n
El dispositivo que aloje esta interfaz se convierte en la \"pasarela\" de esa VLAN.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n

02 | \u00bfC\u00f3mo son los tres modelos principales de implantaci\u00f3n de pasarelas?<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
Examinemos c\u00f3mo se despliegan las pasarelas en tres arquitecturas de red de campus comunes:<\/span><\/div>\n
\n

Modelo uno: Pasarelas en la capa central (cl\u00e1sico de tres capas)<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
\n

Caracter\u00edsticas:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • Todas las interfaces VLANIF est\u00e1n configuradas en conmutadores centrales<\/li>\n
  • Las capas de agregaci\u00f3n\/acceso s\u00f3lo realizan reenv\u00edos de Capa 2<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n
    \n

    Escenarios adecuados:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    • Redes de campus medianas y grandes<\/li>\n
    • M\u00faltiples servicios, numerosas VLAN, complejas pol\u00edticas de Capa 3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n
      \n

      Ventajas:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      • Pasarelas centralizadas para una gesti\u00f3n unificada<\/li>\n
      • Las tablas de enrutamiento en el n\u00facleo proporcionan una visibilidad clara de la ruta<\/li>\n
      • Despliegue centralizado de pol\u00edticas de seguridad con cortafuegos cerca del n\u00facleo<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n
        \n

        Desventajas:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
        • Todo el tr\u00e1fico norte-sur y este-oeste debe atravesar el n\u00facleo, lo que crea una alta presi\u00f3n<\/li>\n
        • El n\u00facleo se convierte en un \u00fanico punto de fallo y un potencial cuello de botella<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n
          \n

          Modelo dos: Pasarelas en la capa de agregaci\u00f3n (plana de tres capas)<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
          \n

          Caracter\u00edsticas:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

            \n
          • interfaces VLANIF configuradas en la capa de agregaci\u00f3n<\/li>\n
          • La capa de agregaci\u00f3n gestiona el reenv\u00edo L3; el n\u00facleo s\u00f3lo gestiona el resumen de rutas o las conexiones de salida<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n
            \n

            Escenarios adecuados:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

              \n
            • Redes de campus de tama\u00f1o medio con \u00e1reas de servicio claramente definidas<\/li>\n
            • Zonas de agregaci\u00f3n relativamente independientes (por ejemplo, organizadas por pisos o \u00e1reas)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n
              \n

              Ventajas:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                \n
              • Reducci\u00f3n de la carga del n\u00facleo<\/li>\n
              • La capa de agregaci\u00f3n puede aplicar ACL y pol\u00edticas de seguridad localizadas<\/li>\n
              • Estructura de red m\u00e1s plana, m\u00e1s f\u00e1cil de ampliar<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n
                \n

                Desventajas:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                  \n
                • Cada conmutador de agregaci\u00f3n mantiene tablas de enrutamiento, lo que aumenta la complejidad del enrutamiento<\/li>\n
                • La comunicaci\u00f3n entre las capas de agregaci\u00f3n debe atravesar el n\u00facleo, lo que crea rutas de enrutamiento ligeramente indirectas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n
                  \n

                  Modelo tres: Pasarelas en la capa de acceso (Edge Gateways)<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n
                  \n

                  Caracter\u00edsticas:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • Interfaces VLANIF situadas en conmutadores de acceso<\/li>\n
                  • Cada conmutador de acceso funciona como un dispositivo de Capa 3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n
                    \n

                    Escenarios adecuados:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • Redes peque\u00f1as con despliegues sencillos<\/li>\n
                    • escenarios de IoT o sucursales en los que los dispositivos son relativamente fijos con fuertes requisitos de aislamiento<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n
                      \n

                      Ventajas:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                        \n
                      • Red extremadamente simplificada sin necesidad de capa de agregaci\u00f3n<\/li>\n
                      • Todos los env\u00edos se realizan a nivel local, alta eficiencia<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n
                        \n

                        Desventajas:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • Configuraci\u00f3n de dispositivos dispersa, gesti\u00f3n compleja<\/li>\n
                        • Pol\u00edticas de seguridad distribuidas dif\u00edciles de mantener<\/li>\n
                        • Aumento de la carga en los conmutadores de acceso, lo que los hace m\u00e1s propensos a fallos.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n
                          \n

                          03 | \u00bfD\u00f3nde deben configurarse las puertas de enlace?<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
                          Esto depende de la escala de su red y de los requisitos de su empresa:<\/span><\/div>\n
                          \n
                            \n
                          • Redes peque\u00f1as (\u226450 dispositivos)<\/strong>: Routers industriales de capa de acceso que act\u00faan como pasarelas<\/li>\n
                          • Redes medianas (50-500 dispositivos)<\/strong>: Pasarelas de capa de agregaci\u00f3n<\/li>\n
                          • Redes grandes (m\u00e1s de 500 dispositivos)<\/strong>: Pasarelas de capa central<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n
                            \n

                            04 | \u00bfSon posibles las \"implantaciones h\u00edbridas\"?<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
                            S\u00ed. Muchos proyectos del mundo real utilizan enfoques \"mixtos\":<\/span><\/div>\n
                            \n
                              \n
                            • La mayor\u00eda de las interfaces VLANIF se sit\u00faan en el n\u00facleo para una gesti\u00f3n centralizada<\/li>\n
                            • Ciertas redes especializadas (como c\u00e1maras de vigilancia, sistemas de seguridad) colocadas en capas de agregaci\u00f3n o acceso para el aislamiento y reenv\u00edo local.<\/li>\n
                            • Controladores inal\u00e1mbricos y servidores DHCP desplegados de forma distribuida mediante pasarelas virtuales (SVI) + retransmisi\u00f3n DHCP<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n
                              La consideraci\u00f3n clave siguen siendo los patrones de tr\u00e1fico de su empresa y la estructura de flujo de la red.<\/span><\/div>\n
                              \n

                              05 | Recomendaciones pr\u00e1cticas para el despliegue<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
                              \n
                                \n
                              • Las pasarelas de la capa central funcionan bien, pero requieren dispositivos fiables + enrutamiento claro + recursos suficientes.<\/li>\n
                              • Cuando se utilizan pasarelas de capa de agregaci\u00f3n, cada conmutador de agregaci\u00f3n s\u00f3lo debe gestionar sus propias VLAN, evitando la mezcla entre regiones.<\/li>\n
                              • Las pasarelas de capa de acceso se recomiendan para escenarios de peque\u00f1a escala\/segmentos independientes\/nodo sucursal<\/li>\n
                              • Si implementa la redundancia de pasarelas, recuerde utilizar VRRP o HVRRP para una alta disponibilidad.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n
                                \n

                                Reflexiones finales<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n
                                La ubicaci\u00f3n de las pasarelas no es una decisi\u00f3n arbitraria.<\/span><\/div>\n
                                Implica garantizar que toda la arquitectura de red sea racional, que el tr\u00e1fico empresarial fluya sin problemas, que los dispositivos puedan soportar la carga y que el mantenimiento siga siendo gestionable.<\/span><\/div>\n
                                En resumen:<\/span><\/div>\n
                                Redes peque\u00f1as: Pasarelas de borde Redes medianas: Pasarelas de agregaci\u00f3n Redes grandes: Pasarelas centrales<\/span><\/div>\n
                                Una buena arquitectura evita el caos, favorece la expansi\u00f3n y facilita la resoluci\u00f3n de problemas.<\/span><\/div>\n
                                <\/div>\n
                                <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                If you’ve ever wondered: Can aggregation switches handle VLANIF interfaces? Will using the core as a gateway overburden it? Is it secure to place gateways at the access layer? After reading this article, you’ll be able to determine where and how to properly deploy your gateways. 01 | First, Let’s Clarify: What Is a Gateway’s […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3878,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"themepark_post_bcolor":"#f5f5f5","themepark_post_width":"1022px","themepark_post_img":"","themepark_post_img_po":"left","themepark_post_img_re":false,"themepark_post_img_cover":false,"themepark_post_img_fixed":false,"themepark_post_hide_title":false,"themepark_post_main_b":"","themepark_post_main_p":100,"themepark_paddingblock":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3876","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"metadata":{"classic-editor-remember":["classic-editor"],"_edit_lock":["1751877483:1"],"_edit_last":["1"],"_thumbnail_id":["3878"],"themepark_seo_title":["Must Gateways Be Configured at the Core? A Complete Comparison of Gateway Deployment Across Different Architectures"],"themepark_seo_description":["Can aggregation switches handle VLANIF interfaces? Will using the core as a gateway overburden it? Is it secure to place gateways at the access layer?\r\nAfter reading this article, you'll be able to determine where and how to properly deploy your gateways."],"catce":["sidebar-widgets4"],"_yoast_wpseo_primary_category":["16"],"_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":["Can aggregation switches handle VLANIF interfaces? Will using the core as a gateway overburden it? Is it secure to place gateways at the access layer?After reading this article, you'll be able to determine where and how to properly deploy your gateways."],"_yoast_wpseo_content_score":["90"],"_yoast_wpseo_estimated-reading-time-minutes":["4"],"views":["6661"],"_wpml_word_count":["797"],"_trp_automatically_translated_slug_es_PE":["deben-configurarse-las-pasarelas-en-el-nucleo-una-comparacion-completa-de-la-implantacion-de-pasarelas-en-diferentes-arquitecturas"]},"yoast_head":"\nMust Gateways Be Configured at the Core? A Complete Comparison of Gateway Deployment Across Different Architectures - KEY-IOT<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Can aggregation switches handle VLANIF interfaces? Will using the core as a gateway overburden it? 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