{"id":3841,"date":"2025-06-23T14:34:22","date_gmt":"2025-06-23T06:34:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.key-iot.com\/?p=3841"},"modified":"2025-06-23T14:34:22","modified_gmt":"2025-06-23T06:34:22","slug":"design-practice-16-key-considerations-for-can-bus-application-design","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.key-iot.com\/es\/blog\/practica-de-diseno-16-consideraciones-clave-para-el-diseno-de-aplicaciones-can-bus\/","title":{"rendered":"Pr\u00e1ctica de dise\u00f1o 16: Consideraciones clave para el dise\u00f1o de aplicaciones de bus CAN"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"7a385b2bcd0c8c0cab43075e12655d61\"<\/div>\n
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En\u00a0Red de \u00e1rea de controlador (CAN)<\/strong>\u00a0es una tecnolog\u00eda de bus de campo desarrollada por Bosch, esencialmente un bus de comunicaci\u00f3n as\u00edncrono en serie. Se utiliza ampliamente en sistemas de control electr\u00f3nico de autom\u00f3viles y en escenarios de control industrial.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n

Visi\u00f3n general del bus CAN<\/h2>\n

El bus CAN es similar al bus RS485 en que ambos utilizan l\u00edneas de se\u00f1al diferencial para la transmisi\u00f3n. Las dos l\u00edneas de se\u00f1al en CAN son\u00a0CAN_H<\/strong>\u00a0y\u00a0CAN_L<\/strong>que tienen amplitudes de se\u00f1al iguales pero fases opuestas. La diferencia de tensi\u00f3n entre estas dos l\u00edneas representa los niveles l\u00f3gicos:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • Una diferencia de tensi\u00f3n positiva indica l\u00f3gica\u00a00<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
  • Una diferencia de tensi\u00f3n cero (o negativa) indica l\u00f3gica\u00a01<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n
    En comparaci\u00f3n con RS485, el protocolo CAN es m\u00e1s complejo. Mientras que el RS485 suele utilizar el m\u00f3dulo UART de una MCU, el CAN requiere un m\u00f3dulo UART dedicado.\u00a0Controlador CAN<\/strong>. Si la MCU no tiene un controlador CAN incorporado, se necesita un chip controlador CAN externo.<\/span><\/div>\n
    \n

    Implementaci\u00f3n t\u00edpica de bus CAN<\/h2>\n

    Un sistema de bus CAN suele constar de:<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    • MCU<\/strong>\u00a0(Unidad de microcontrolador)<\/li>\n
    • Controlador CAN<\/strong><\/li>\n
    • Transceptor CAN<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n
      A continuaci\u00f3n se muestra un circuito de interfaz de transceptor t\u00edpico para un sistema de bus CAN:<\/span><\/div>\n
      (Nota: el diagrama mencionado en el texto original no se incluye aqu\u00ed).<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n
      \n

      Normas CAN Bus<\/h2>\n

      El bus CAN ha evolucionado hasta convertirse en dos normas internacionales:\u00a0ISO11519<\/strong>\u00a0y\u00a0ISO11898<\/strong>. Sus principales diferencias son las siguientes:<\/span><\/div>\n

      \n
        \n
      1. ISO11898 (Red de bucle cerrado de alta velocidad y corta distancia)<\/strong>:\n
          \n
        • Longitud m\u00e1xima del bus:\u00a040 metros<\/strong><\/li>\n
        • Velocidad m\u00e1xima de comunicaci\u00f3n:\u00a01 Mbps<\/strong><\/li>\n
        • Requiere un\u00a0Resistencia de terminaci\u00f3n de 120 ohmios<\/strong>\u00a0en cada extremo del autob\u00fas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n
          \n
            \n
          1. ISO11519-2 (Red de bucle abierto de baja velocidad y larga distancia)<\/strong>:\n
              \n
            • Distancia m\u00e1xima de transmisi\u00f3n:\u00a01 km<\/strong><\/li>\n
            • Velocidad m\u00e1xima de comunicaci\u00f3n:\u00a0125 kbps<\/strong><\/li>\n
            • Cada l\u00ednea de autob\u00fas requiere un\u00a0Resistencia en serie de 2,2 k\u03a9<\/strong>. Las dos l\u00edneas son independientes y no forman un bucle cerrado.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n
              \n

              Consideraciones pr\u00e1cticas sobre el dise\u00f1o<\/h2>\n

              Al dise\u00f1ar un sistema de bus CAN, el m\u00e9todo de cableado depende de las caracter\u00edsticas del controlador CAN de la MCU. Por ejemplo, el\u00a0STM32F103<\/strong>\u00a0dispone de las siguientes funciones de controlador CAN:<\/span><\/p>\n

                \n
              • Admite\u00a0CAN2.0A<\/strong>\u00a0y\u00a0CAN2.0B<\/strong>\u00a0protocolos.<\/li>\n
              • Velocidad de comunicaci\u00f3n de hasta\u00a01 Mbps<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
              • Clasificado como bus de alta velocidad.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n
                Por lo tanto, al dise\u00f1ar el circuito transceptor perif\u00e9rico para el STM32F103, la configuraci\u00f3n de la resistencia de terminaci\u00f3n debe seguir el esquema\u00a0Norma ISO11898<\/strong>\u00a0(es decir, resistencias de 120 ohmios en ambos extremos del bus).<\/span><\/div>\n
                \n

                Conclusi\u00f3n<\/h2>\n

                El bus CAN es un protocolo de comunicaci\u00f3n robusto y fiable muy utilizado en aplicaciones industriales y de automoci\u00f3n. Su dise\u00f1o requiere una cuidadosa consideraci\u00f3n del est\u00e1ndar espec\u00edfico (ISO11898 o ISO11519) y de las caracter\u00edsticas de los componentes de la MCU y el transceptor. En la pr\u00f3xima entrega, nos centraremos en analizar los detalles del propio protocolo CAN.<\/span><\/div>\n

                <\/div>\n
                <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                The\u00a0Controller Area Network (CAN)\u00a0is a field bus technology developed by Bosch, essentially a serial asynchronous communication bus. It is widely used in automotive electronic control systems and industrial control scenarios. Overview of CAN Bus The CAN bus is similar to the RS485 bus in that both use differential signal lines for transmission. The two signal […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3845,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"themepark_post_bcolor":"#f5f5f5","themepark_post_width":"1022px","themepark_post_img":"","themepark_post_img_po":"left","themepark_post_img_re":false,"themepark_post_img_cover":false,"themepark_post_img_fixed":false,"themepark_post_hide_title":false,"themepark_post_main_b":"","themepark_post_main_p":100,"themepark_paddingblock":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3841","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"metadata":{"classic-editor-remember":["classic-editor"],"_edit_lock":["1750660404:1"],"_edit_last":["1"],"_thumbnail_id":["3845"],"themepark_seo_title":["Design Practice 16: Key Considerations for CAN Bus Application Design"],"themepark_seo_description":["The\u00a0Controller Area Network (CAN)\u00a0is a field bus technology developed by Bosch, essentially a serial asynchronous communication bus. 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