{"id":3841,"date":"2025-06-23T14:34:22","date_gmt":"2025-06-23T06:34:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.key-iot.com\/?p=3841"},"modified":"2025-06-23T14:34:22","modified_gmt":"2025-06-23T06:34:22","slug":"design-practice-16-key-considerations-for-can-bus-application-design","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.key-iot.com\/de\/blog\/design-practice-16-key-considerations-for-can-bus-application-design\/","title":{"rendered":"Design Practice 16: Wichtige \u00dcberlegungen zum Design von CAN-Bus-Anwendungen"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"7a385b2bcd0c8c0cab43075e12655d61\"<\/div>\n
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Die\u00a0Controller Area Network (CAN)<\/strong>\u00a0ist eine von Bosch entwickelte Feldbustechnologie, die im Wesentlichen ein serieller asynchroner Kommunikationsbus ist. Sie wird h\u00e4ufig in elektronischen Steuerungssystemen f\u00fcr Kraftfahrzeuge und in industriellen Steuerungsszenarien eingesetzt.<\/span><\/div>\n
\n

\u00dcbersicht \u00fcber den CAN-Bus<\/h2>\n

Der CAN-Bus \u00e4hnelt dem RS485-Bus insofern, als beide differentielle Signalleitungen f\u00fcr die \u00dcbertragung verwenden. Die beiden Signalleitungen in CAN sind\u00a0CAN_H<\/strong>\u00a0und\u00a0CAN_L<\/strong>, die gleiche Signalamplituden, aber entgegengesetzte Phasen haben. Die Spannungsdifferenz zwischen diesen beiden Leitungen stellt die Logikpegel dar:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  • Eine positive Spannungsdifferenz zeigt eine logische\u00a00<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
  • Eine Spannungsdifferenz von Null (oder negativ) zeigt an, dass die Logik\u00a01<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n
    Im Vergleich zu RS485 ist das CAN-Protokoll komplexer. W\u00e4hrend bei RS485 typischerweise das UART-Modul in einer MCU verwendet wird, erfordert CAN ein eigenes\u00a0CAN-Steuerung<\/strong>. Wenn die MCU nicht \u00fcber einen eingebauten CAN-Controller verf\u00fcgt, wird ein externer CAN-Controller-Chip ben\u00f6tigt.<\/span><\/div>\n
    \n

    Typische CAN-Bus-Implementierung<\/h2>\n

    Ein CAN-Bus-System besteht in der Regel aus:<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    • MCU<\/strong>\u00a0(Mikrocontroller-Einheit)<\/li>\n
    • CAN-Steuerung<\/strong><\/li>\n
    • CAN-Transceiver<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n
      Nachfolgend ist eine typische Transceiver-Schnittstellenschaltung f\u00fcr ein CAN-Bussystem dargestellt:<\/span><\/div>\n
      (Hinweis: Das im Originaltext erw\u00e4hnte Diagramm ist hier nicht enthalten).<\/em><\/span><\/div>\n
      \n

      CAN-Bus-Normen<\/h2>\n

      Der CAN-Bus hat sich zu zwei internationalen Standards entwickelt:\u00a0ISO11519<\/strong>\u00a0und\u00a0ISO11898<\/strong>. Die wichtigsten Unterschiede sind die folgenden:<\/span><\/div>\n

      \n
        \n
      1. ISO11898 (Geschlossener Hochgeschwindigkeits-Kurzstrecken-Leitungsverbund)<\/strong>:\n
          \n
        • Maximale Busl\u00e4nge:\u00a040 Meter<\/strong><\/li>\n
        • Maximale Kommunikationsgeschwindigkeit:\u00a01 Mbit\/s<\/strong><\/li>\n
        • Erfordert eine\u00a0120-Ohm-Abschlusswiderstand<\/strong>\u00a0an jedem Ende des Busses.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n
          \n
            \n
          1. ISO11519-2 (Offenes Langstreckennetz f\u00fcr niedrige Geschwindigkeiten)<\/strong>:\n
              \n
            • Maximale \u00dcbertragungsdistanz:\u00a01 km<\/strong><\/li>\n
            • Maximale Kommunikationsgeschwindigkeit:\u00a0125 kbps<\/strong><\/li>\n
            • Jede Buslinie erfordert eine\u00a02,2 k\u03a9 Vorwiderstand<\/strong>. Die beiden Linien sind unabh\u00e4ngig und bilden keine geschlossene Schleife.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n
              \n

              Praktische \u00dcberlegungen zur Gestaltung<\/h2>\n

              Beim Entwurf eines CAN-Bussystems h\u00e4ngt die Verdrahtungsmethode von den Eigenschaften des CAN-Controllers der MCU ab. Zum Beispiel kann der\u00a0STM32F103<\/strong>\u00a0Mikrocontroller verf\u00fcgt \u00fcber die folgenden CAN-Controller-Funktionen:<\/span><\/p>\n

                \n
              • Unterst\u00fctzt\u00a0CAN2.0A<\/strong>\u00a0und\u00a0CAN2.0B<\/strong>\u00a0Protokolle.<\/li>\n
              • Kommunikationsgeschwindigkeit bis zu\u00a01 Mbit\/s<\/strong>.<\/li>\n
              • Klassifiziert als Hochgeschwindigkeitsbus.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n
                Beim Entwurf der Peripherie-Transceiver-Schaltung f\u00fcr den STM32F103 sollte die Konfiguration des Abschlusswiderstandes daher nach der\u00a0ISO11898-Norm<\/strong>\u00a0(d. h. 120-Ohm-Widerst\u00e4nde an beiden Enden des Busses).<\/span><\/div>\n
                \n

                Schlussfolgerung<\/h2>\n

                Der CAN-Bus ist ein robustes und zuverl\u00e4ssiges Kommunikationsprotokoll, das in Automobil- und Industrieanwendungen weit verbreitet ist. Sein Design erfordert eine sorgf\u00e4ltige Ber\u00fccksichtigung des spezifischen Standards (ISO11898 oder ISO11519) und der Eigenschaften der MCU- und Transceiver-Komponenten. In der n\u00e4chsten Folge werden wir uns auf die Analyse der Details des CAN-Protokolls selbst konzentrieren.<\/span><\/div>\n

                <\/div>\n
                <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                The\u00a0Controller Area Network (CAN)\u00a0is a field bus technology developed by Bosch, essentially a serial asynchronous communication bus. It is widely used in automotive electronic control systems and industrial control scenarios. Overview of CAN Bus The CAN bus is similar to the RS485 bus in that both use differential signal lines for transmission. The two signal […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3845,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"themepark_post_bcolor":"#f5f5f5","themepark_post_width":"1022px","themepark_post_img":"","themepark_post_img_po":"left","themepark_post_img_re":false,"themepark_post_img_cover":false,"themepark_post_img_fixed":false,"themepark_post_hide_title":false,"themepark_post_main_b":"","themepark_post_main_p":100,"themepark_paddingblock":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3841","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"metadata":{"classic-editor-remember":["classic-editor"],"_edit_lock":["1750660404:1"],"_edit_last":["1"],"_thumbnail_id":["3845"],"themepark_seo_title":["Design Practice 16: Key Considerations for CAN Bus Application Design"],"themepark_seo_description":["The\u00a0Controller Area Network (CAN)\u00a0is a field bus technology developed by Bosch, essentially a serial asynchronous communication bus. 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